System justification

Planned This chapter has not been written. It is listed so the book shows its full scope.

The question

Do people with lower incomes believe in meritocracy less than those with higher incomes?

The data

• World Values Survey and EVSYears: 1981-2023 (7 unified waves)
• General Social SurveyYears: 1972-2024 (35 study years)

wvsgss

The scope

Countries Estimates are made among respondents within each country and then compared across countries, so results describe countries, not the people in them.

The chapter sits in Part VIII, Values beneath politics, ideology, values and religion. Its unit of analysis is countries. See how the book treats evidence.

The part has an explorer: World values.